Aantekeningen bij de Bijbel
Vragen, overdenkingen en achtergronden over de Bijbel,
welke resulteren in allerlei aantekeningen.
G2316_θεός
God, Godheid, Heilige Geest, goden, godin, goddelijk, magistraat,
Taal: Grieks
Onderwerpen
Afgoden, God, Godheid, Godsnaam,
Statistieken
Komt 1338x voor in 27 Bijbelboeken.
Zie hier voor een verklaring van de gebruikte coderingen.
Woordstudie
theos̱, zn. mnl., van onzekere oorsprong; TDNT - 3:65,322;
1) God (Mat. 1:23; 3:9; Mark. 1:1); 1a) βασιλειαν του θεου "Koninkrijk van God" (Luk. 13:20; 18:17); 1b) als Geest (Joh. 4:24); 1c) goden (Hand. 17:23); 1d) tot de goden (om berecht te worden) (LXX Ex. 21:6; 22:8) 2) godin; 3) goddelijk (Homer, Odyssey, 13.111; Herodotus, Histories, 2.52; Plato, Cratylus, 397d; Homer, Iliad, 1.18); van mensen (Joh. 10:34-35; Hand. 12:22);
Etymologie
Het woord θεός is van onzekere etymologie (K. v.d. Toorn, p. 365), mogelijke oorsprong van het Proto-Indo-Europese dʰéh₁s (god, manifestatie). Plato geeft de volgende verklaring (welke overigens niet door wetenschappers is overgenomen) "Socrates: My notion would be something of this sort:- I suspect that the sun, moon, earth, stars, and heaven, which are still the Gods of many barbarians, were the only Gods known to the aboriginal Hellenes. Seeing that they were always moving and running, from their running nature they were called Gods (Theous) or runners (Theontas); and when men became acquainted with the other Gods, they proceeded to apply the same name to them all. Do you think that likely? Hermogenes: I think it very likely indeed." (Plato, Cratylus, vert. Benjamin Jowett)
Enthousiast van Grieks ἐνθουσιασμός enthousiastḗs van het werkwoord enthousiázein ‘in goddelijke vervoering zijn’, afleiding van het bn. ἔνθεος éntheos ‘god in zich hebbend’ (M. Philippa; WNT).
Bronnen
- Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, θεός
- katabiblon.com Wiki Lexicon of the Greek New Testament and Concordance, θεός
Lexicon G. Abbott-Smith
Voor meer informatie: G. Abbott-Smith's A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (New York: Scribner's, 1922)
θεός, -οῦ, ὁ, ἡ (Ac 19:37 only; v. M, Pr., 60, 244), late voc., θεέ (Mt 27:46; cf. De 3:24, al.), [in LXX chiefly for אֱלֹהִים H430, also for אֵל H410 and other cognate forms, יהוה H3069, etc.;] a god or deity, God 1. In polytheistic sense, a god or deity: Ac 28:6, I Co 8:4, II Th 2:4, al.; pl., Ac. 14:11 19:26, Ga 4:8, al. 2. Of the one true God (a) anarthrous: Mt 6:24, Lk 20:38, al.; esp. c. prep. (Kühner3, iii, 605), ἀπὸ θ., Jo 3:2; ἐκ, Ac 5:39, II Co 5:1, Phl 3:9; ὑπό, Ro 13:1; παρὰ θεοῦ, Jo 1:6; παρὰ θεῷ, II Th 1:6, I Pe 2:4; κατὰ θεόν, Ro 8:27, II Co 7:9, 10; also when in gen. dependent on an anarth. noun (Bl., §46, 6), Mt 27:43, Lk 3:2, Ro 1:17, I Th 2:13; as pred., 20:38, Jo 1:1, and when the nature and character rather than the person of God is meant, Ac 5:29, Ga 2:6, al. (M, Th., 14); (b) more freq., c. art.: Mt 1:23, Mk 2:7, al. mult.; c. prep., ἀπὸ τ. θ., Lk 1:26; ἐκ, Jo 8:42, al.; παρὰ τοῦ θ., Jo 8:40; π. τῷ θ., Ro 9:14; ἐν, Col 3:3; ἐπὶ τῷ θ., Lk 1:47; ἐπὶ τὸν θ., Ac 15:19; εἰς τ. θ., Ac 24:15; πρὸς τ. θ., Jo 1:2; c. gen. pers., Mt 22:32, Mk 12:26, 27, osisRef="Luke.20.37"Lk 20:37, Jo 20:17, al.; ὁ θ. μου, Ro 1:8, Phi 1:3, al.; ὁ θ. καὶ πατήρ κ. τ. λ., Ro 15:6, Eph 1:3, Phi 4:20, al.; c. gen. rei, Ro 15:5, 13, 33, II Co 1:3, I Th 5:23; τὰ τ. θεοῦ, Mt 16:23, Mk 12:17, I Co 2:11; τὰ πρὸς τὸν θ., Ro 15:17, He 2:17 5:1; τ. θεῷ, as a superl. (LXX, Jos 3:3), Ac 7:20, II Co 10:4; Hebraistically, of judges (Ps 81(82):6), Jo 10:34(LXX), 35.
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon
Voor meer informatie: Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon (1940)
θεός, ὁ,
Boeotian dialect θιός, Laconian dialect σιός (see. below), Cypria , Cretan dialect θιός “Inscription Cyprian dialect” 135.27 H., “Leg.Gort.” 1.1 , Doric dialect also θεύς Callimachus Epicus “Hymnus in Cererem” 58; acc. θεῦν variant prev. work 130 ; vocative (only late) θεός, also θεέ LXX.Deu.3.24, NT.Matt.27.46, “PMag.Lond.” 121.529, etc.+NT; but classical in compound names, Ἀμφίθεε, Τιμόθεε:—God, the Deity, in general sense, both singular and plural (εἰ καὶ ἐπὶ θεοὺς καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐπὶ θεὸν ἁρμόζει μεταφέρειν Plotinus Philosophus 6.8.1), θ. δὲ τὸ μὲν δώσει τὸ δ᾽ ἐάσει “God” will grant.., Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.444; οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως οὐδὲ θ. τεύξειε 8.177, compare 3.231, Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.730 (also θεὸς Ζεύς Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.236, 14.327); θ. καὶ ἀγαθὴ τύχη Plato Philosophus “Leges” 757e, compare Timocles Comicus 3 Demosthenes Orator; σὺν θεῷ Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.49, Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 765, etc. (less frequently ξὺν τῷ θ. prev. work 383) ; σὺν θ. εἰρημένον Herodotus Historicus 1.86, compare 3.153; σὺν θ. εἰπεῖν Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 317b : so in plural, σύν γε θεοῖσιν Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.430; οὔ τοι ἄνευ θεοῦ Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.372 ; οὐ θεῶν ἄτερ pi. “P.” 5.76; ἐκ θεόφι Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.101 ; ὑπὲρ θεόν against his will, 17.327; ἂν θ. θέλῃ Alexander Rhetor 231; θ. θέλοντος Menander Comicus “Μονόστιχοι - Fragmenta Comicorum Graecorum” 671: in pl., ἂν θεοὶ θέλωσιν Alexander Rhetor 247 ; θεῶν συνεθελόντων, βουλομένων, Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 9.8, Lucianus Sophista “Macr.” 29; εἰ ὀρθῶς ἢ μή, θ. οἶδε Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 266b, compare “R.” 517b, etc.; in oaths, θ. ἴστω Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 522 (Lyric poetry), etc.; πρὸς θεῶν Herodotus Historicus 5.49, Demosthenes Orator 1.15, etc.: τοὺς θεούς σοι bless you! good heavens! for heaven's sake! Marcus Antoninus Imperator 7.17, Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.19.15, al.; τὸν θ. σοι prev. work 3.7.19, al.: qualified by τις, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.142, etc.; οὐκ ἄνευ θεῶν τινος Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 164 (troch.), Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 764; κατὰ θεόν τινα prev. author “IA” 411, Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 272e; κατὰ θεόν πως εἰρημένα prev. author “Lg.” 682a : doubled in poets, θεὸν θεόν τις ἀγλαϊζέτω Bacchylides Lyricus 3.21, compare Diagoras Lyricus 1; θεοὶ θεοὶ τῶν ἀδίκων μέλουσι Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 772, compare Pausanias Grammaticus “fragment” 203 ; θεοί (Cretan dialect θιοί) as an opening formula in Inscrr. (i.e. τύχην ἀγαθὴν διδοῖεν), “Leg.Gort.” 1.1, “IG” 12.52, etc.: sg., θ. τύχη prev. work5(2) .1, etc.: in Prose also with the Article, ὁ θ. πάντων ἂν εἴη αἴτιος Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 379c, compare “Lg.” 716c, etc. ; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θ., τὰ παρὰ τῶν θ., Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.1, 2.6.8.
__b θεοί, opposed to ἄνδρες, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.544; ὃν Ξάνθον καλέουσι θ., ἄνδρες δὲ Σκάμανδρον 20.74: in Comparisons, θεοῖσιν ἶσ᾽ ἔθελε φρονέειν 5.440; θεοῖς ἐναλίγκια μήδεα Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.89 ; also in singular, θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος αὐδήν Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.250; θεὸς ὥς 5.78; ὥς τε θεός 3.381: proverbial, θεὸς πρὸς ἀνθρώπους , of an 'angel's visit', Herodas Mimographus 1.9.
__c of special divinities, νέρτεροι θ. Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 622, Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 602 (Lyric poetry) ; ἐνέρτεροι θ. Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.225 ; οἱ κάτωθεν θ. Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1070; θ. οὐράνιοι “hymnus ad Cererem” 55, Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 90 (anap.) ; οἱ δώδεκα θ. Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 235, Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 3.2, “IG” 22.30, etc. ; μὰ τοὺς δώδεκα θ. Menander Comicus “Σαμία” 91 ; in dual, τὼ σιώ (Laconian dialect), of Castor and Pollux, ναὶ τὼ σ. Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.6.34, “HG” 4.4.10, Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 81: so in Boeot., of Amphion and Zethus, νεὶ τὼ σιώ (to be read θιώ) prev. author “Ach.” 905.
__d ὁ θ., of natural phenomena, ὁ θ. ὕει (i.e. Ζεύς) Herodotus Historicus 2.13; ὁ θ. ἐνέσκηψε βέλος prev. author 4.79 ; ἔσεισεν ὁ θ. (i.e. Ποσειδῶν) Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.7.4 ; of the sun, Herodotus Historicus 2.24, Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 502, Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 722 ; δύνοντος τοῦ θ. Appianus Historicus “Bella Civilia” 4.79 ; the weather, τί δοκεῖ τὰ τοῦ θεο; Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 25.2.
__e Astrology texts, θεοί,= ἀστέρες, Julianus Imperator Laod.in “Catalogus Codicum Astrologorum” 8(4).252.
__f θεός (i.e. Ἥλιος), name of the 9th τόπος, Rhetor. prev. work163, etc.
__2 metaphorically, of abstract things, τὸ δ᾽ εὐτυχεῖν τόδ᾽ ἐν βροτοῖς θεός τε καὶ θεοῦ πλέον Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 60; ἡ φρόνησις ἁγαθὴ θ. μέγας Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 922; θ. γὰρ καὶ τὸ γιγνώσκειν φίλους Euripides Tragicus “Hel.” †60 ; ὁ πλοῦτος τοῖς σοφοῖς θ. prev. author “Cyc.” 316 ; φθόνος κάκιστος θ. Hippothoon 2.
__3 as title of rulers, θεῶν ἀδελφῶν (i.e. Ptolemy Il and Arsinoe), Herodas Mimographus 1.30, etc.; Πτολεμαῖος ὑπάρχων θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ καὶ θεᾶς “OGI” 90.10 (Rosetta, 2nd c.BC) ; Ἀντίοχος ὅτῳ θεὸς ἐπώνυμον γίγνεται Appianus Historicus “Συριακή” 65 ; θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ, of Augustus, “OGI” 655.2 (Egypt, 1st c.BC); θ. ἡμῶν καὶ δεσπότης “IPE” 4.71 (Cherson., 2nd c.AD).
__3.b = Latin Divus, Mon.Anc.Gr. 10.4, 1st cStrabo Geographus 4.1.1, etc. ; οἱ ἐν θεοῖς αὐτοκράτορες,= divi Imperatores, Inscriptiones Graecae 12(1).786 (from Rhodes).
__3.c generally of the dead, καὶ ζῶντός σου καὶ εἰς θεοὺς ἀπελθόντος “PPetr.” 2p.45 (3rd c.BC) ; θεοῖς χθονίοις,= Latin Dis Manibus, Inscriptiones Graecae 14.30, al.
__4 one set in authority, judge, τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θ., ἐνώπιον τοῦ θ., LXX.Exo.21.6, 22.8; θεοὺς οὐ κακολογήσεις prev. work 22.28(27).
__II θεός feminine, goddess, μήτε θήλεια θεός, μήτε τις ἄρσην Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.7, compare Herodotus Historicus 2.35, al.; τοῖς θεοῖς εὔχομαι πᾶσι καὶ πάσαις Demosthenes Orator 18.1, compare 141, Oracle texts prev. work 21.52 ; especially at Athens, of Athena, Decrees cited in Andocides Orator 1.77, Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 21a, etc. ; ἁ Διὸς θεός, Ζηνὸς ἡ θ., Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 401 (Lyric poetry), 952 (ἡ Διὸς θεά prev. work 450) ; of other goddesses, ποντία θεός Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 8(7).36 ; ἡ νερτέρα θ.,= Περσεφόνη, Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1548, etc. ; of Thetis, Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 28c ; of Niobe, Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 150 (Lyric poetry), “Ant.” 834 (anap.) : in dual, of Demeter and Persephone, τὰ τοῖν θεοῖν ψηφίσματα Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 378 (Lyric poetry); οὐδ᾽ ἔδεισε τὼ θεώ Andocides Orator 1.125; frequently in oaths, νὴ τὼ θεώ Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 112; μὰ τὼ θεώ prev. author “Ec.” 155, 532.
__III as adjective in comparative θεώτερος, divine, θύραι θ., opposed to καταιβαταὶ ἀνθρώποισιν, Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.111 ; χορὸς θ. Callimachus Epicus “Hymnus in Apollinem” 93, compare “Dian.” 249, Dionysius Periegeta 257. (Derived by Herodotus Historicus 2.52 from τίθημι (κόσμῳ θέντες τὰ πρήγματα), by Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 397d from θεῖν. Etym. uncertain) In Epic dialect (twice in Homerus Epicus) and Trag. (Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 47, 1347, al., not in Comedy texts) , as monosyllable by synizesis, θεοί Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.18, Theognis Elegiacus 142; θεῶν “hymnus ad Cererem” 55, 259; θεοῖς Theognis Elegiacus 171; θεοῖσιν Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.251; θεούς “hymnus ad Cererem” 325: even in nom. θεός before a vowel, Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 399 (cf. Pors. (at prev. work)), “HF” 347; in Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.56 apparently a short monosyllable
Synoniemen en afgeleide woorden
Grieks θεά G2299 "godin"; Grieks θεῖος G2304 "goddelijk, Drie-eenheid"; Grieks θεότης G2320 "godheid"; Grieks Τιμόθεος G5095 "Timotheus"; Grieks φιλόθεος G5377 "filoqeoV";
Literatuur
Walter Bauer, Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament, , [1988], , - H.G. Liddell, Robert Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, , [2010], θεός ,
- Marlies Philippa, Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands, (set vier delen: A t/m E, F t'm Ka, Ke t/m R en S t/m Z), [2009], ,
- Karel van der Toorn, Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, , [1999], p. 365-369 ,
Zie de huisregels welk commentaar wordt opgenomen!
Mede mogelijk dankzij
