Literatuur

• H.W.F. Gesenius , Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, , [2006], §16ab,

  §16a 1. Maqqēph (מַקֵּף‎ i.e. binder) is a small horizontal stroke between the upper part of two words which so connects them that in respect of tone and pointing they are regarded as one, and therefore have only one accent. Two, three, or even four words may be connected in this way, e.g. כָּל־אָדָ֫ם‎ every man, אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֫שֶׂב‎ every herb, Gn 1²⁹, אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ‎ all that he had, Gn 25⁵.

  §16b Certain monosyllabic prepositions and conjunctions, such as אֶל־‎ to, עַד־‎ until, עַל־‎ upon, עִם־‎ with, אַל־‎ not, אִם־‎ if, whether, מִן־‎ from, פֶּן־‎ lest, are almost always found with a following Maqqēph, provided they have not become independent forms by being combined with prefixes, e.g. מֵעַל‎, מֵעִם‎, in which case Maqqēph as a rule does not follow. Occasionally Maqqēph is replaced by a conjunctive accent (see above, §9u, 1 c), as, according to the Masora, in Dt 27⁹, 2 S 20²³, Jer 25³⁰, 29²⁵, Ec 9⁴ in the case of אֶ֥ל כָּל־‎; ψ 47⁵, 60², Pr 3¹² in the case of אֶת־‎ the objective particle. Longer words are, however, connected by Maqqēph with a following monosyllable, e.g. הִתְהַלֶּךְ־נֹֽחַ‎ Gn 6⁹, וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן‎ Gn 1⁷; or two words of more than one syllable, e.g. שִׁבְעָֽה־עָשָׂר‎ seventeen, Gn 7¹¹. Cf. the Greek proclitics ἐν, ἐκ, εἰς, εἰ, ὡς, οὐ, which are atonic, and lean on the following word.

• J.P. Lettinga , Grammatica van het Bijbels Hebreeuws, , [2009], § 7a, 10f,
• John A. Cook , Ancient Hebrew: A Student Grammar, digital, [2007], § 3.5,

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